Paper mills

paper-mills

💡[Did you know?] In the research field, paper mills are fraudulent organisations or clandestine networks that mass-produce and sell fraudulent scientific articles that mimic genuine scientific work. These articles are usually published in predatory or manipulated journals or even submitted directly to legitimate journals under false identities.

Copypasta

copypasta

💡[Did you know?] “Copypasta“, from “copy-paste”, is a process that consists of duplicating a block of text or visuals in order to amplify its visibility.

Dupes

dupe

💡[Did you know?] “Dupes” (short for “duplicates”) are products, often in the beauty, fashion, or accessories industries, that closely imitate high-end or luxury products but at a much lower price.

Astroturfing

astroturfing

💡[Did you know?] Astroturfing is a technique for manipulating public opinion that consists of simulating a spontaneous popular movement through the coordinated action of a group of accounts, mainly on social networks, which will produce a significant volume of publications with the aim of supporting political, economic or commercial interests.

Deepfake

deepfake

💡[Did you know?] Deepfake combines the terms “deep learning” and “fake,” referring to image, audio, or video content created or modified by artificial intelligence. Source: Guide against disinformation 2025, DICoD, Ministry of the Armed Forces

Cyberlocker

cyberlocker

💡[Did you know?] A cyberlocker (or file-hosting service) is an online service that allows users to store and share files (videos, images, music, documents) on one or more servers.

Pre-bunking

pre-bunking

💡[Did you know?] Pre-bunking (or preventive debunking) involves implementing strategies, particularly educational ones, aimed at preventing the public from adhering to false beliefs or accepting as true misleading information that may be disseminated, even before its widespread dissemination. ​

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